Introduction of Engines & its parts (w. HS Code)
1) PISTON
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a component that reciprocates inside cylinder and generates rotational force in crankshaft through connecting rod under high-temperature and high-pressure gas pressure during combustion.
2) PISTON RING
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a pair of rings that are inserted into a groove around the outside of piston to maintain airtightness between the inner wall of piston and cylinder and to scratch the lubricant off the wall of cylinder to prevent the lubricant from entering the combustion chamber.
3) PISTON PIN
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: As a pin connecting the small end of piston and connecting rod in engine for a compressed ignition type internal combustion engine, it functions to enable the connecting rod to deliver the power of piston generated by the explosive force generated within cylinder to crank shaft.
It is a pin that connects piston and the small end of the connecting rod, and it transmits a large force received by piston to crankshaft through the connecting rod while reciprocating at high speed in the cylinder with piston. Depending on the piston in coupling method, it is divided into Fixed type (Set Screw type), Fluctuation type (Semi-floating type), and Floating type.
4) CONNECTING ROD
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a rod for connecting piston and crank axis pin, also known as Con-Rod. The part combined with piston is called Small End, and the part combined with crankshaft is called Big End. For the large part, plain bearing in split type is usually used.
5) CYLINDER BLOCK
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: In the center of engine, it refers to the skeleton of engine, where all engine parts are attached to the cylinder block, where engine is coupled to body. There are oil flow passages (Galley) that lubricate each part to reduce friction and water flow passages (Water Jacket) that cool engine within the cylinder block.
6) CYLINDER HEAD
Material : Steel and Aluminum alloys, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: The cylinder head, located at the top of the cylinder block, is a part with a valve mechanism that forms a combustion chamber with the cylinder and opens and closes the suction and exhaust passages. In addition, a water jacket, which is a cooling water passage that cools by circulating cooling water, and a spark plug that sparks flames in the combustion chamber are also attached. Since the material requires heat resistance and pressure resistance, aluminum alloy materials have been widely used recently.
7) CYLINDER LINER
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a thin cylinder press-fitted into the inner wall of the cylinder so that it can be easily replaced when the inner wall of the cylinder is worn for the purpose of a slippery surface with good wear resistance.
8) INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVE
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a mixed gas of air/fuel during suction and exhaust stroke, which opens and closes to enter cylinder. Mushroom valve is usually used. Since it is cooled by intake air, there is no difficulty due to heat like exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is a valve for closing the exhaust port.
9) CYLINDER MANIFOLD (INTAKE AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD)
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It refers to a passage or pipe as many as the number of cylinders connecting throttle body and cylinder. It is an organization with a passage serving as a pipe formed inside and a plurality of equipment access ports outside. It is used to guide the intake or exhaust of each cylinder in the multi-cylinder engine. The former is called intake manifold and the latter is called exhaust manifold.
10) VALVE GUIDE
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It serves to support the valve and guide the vertical movement and to heat dissipation (transfer heat of the valve to the cylinder head). It is the guide surface of the valve shaft and at the same time, it is a part that transfers the heat of the valve to the cylinder to dissipate heat. It is used by press-fitting a sleeve made of cast iron, aluminum, bronze, etc. into a cylinder head other than an extremely simple engine.
11) FUEL NOZZLE (FUEL INJECTOR NOZZLE)
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: Fuel injector nozzles are small nozzles, which is used to inject an appropriate amount of fuel into the combustion chamber.
12) CAMSHAFT CARRIER
Material : Zinc Alloy
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is an article made of zinc alloy to connect the engine by mounting the main product between the camshaft and the cylinder head.
13) OIL PAN
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Function and Applications
: It is a container that stores engine oil in an engine.
14) ROCKER ARM
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: Rocker arm, which changes the direction of the force for opening and closing the valve, is supported on the rocker arm shaft attached to the cylinder head. If one end is pushed up with a push rod, the other end presses the valve stem end to open the valve.
15) BALANCE SHAFT
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Functions and Applications
: It is an engine balance axis used to reduce the vibration of the engine.
16) CRANK CASE
Material : Aluminum
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is used for engine and plays a role in fixing the crank axis rotating in the crank shift. The block part where the crank axis is installed is called the Upper Crank Case, and the oil pan part is called the Lower Crank Case. At the bottom of the crank case, an oil pan made of steel or light alloy is installed with a gasket in between to form a lower crank case, and engine oil is contained here.
17) CYLINDER HEAD COVER
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It refers to the lid covered on the cylinder head, and when you open the bonnet, it looks like the head of the engine. These days, there are many decorations, and it is also called the Rocker Arm Cover. It functions to block noise and engine oil outflow(BLOW-BY GAS) when starting the engine, and prevent freezing of reduction devices.
18) PLATE BAFFLE
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a product that forms part of the engine’s cylinder head cover and provides a passage to collect BLOW-BY GAS that leaks between the cylinder head and the exhaust valve during engine operation and recirculates it to the engine intake system.
19) FUEL RAIL
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a fuel line or passage from the fuel manifold of the fuel injection device to each cylinder.
20) PULSATION DAMPER
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: As part of the fuel injection device, it is a product that suppresses pulsation from the pump and maintains constant fuel pressure sent to the injector.
21) INJECTOR
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: As a fuel injection nozzle, the fuel injection is a fog-shaped structure that not only spews fuel, but also allows the fuel to mix well with air. In the mechanical injection, it is sprayed only while applying pressure to the fuel with a valve that opens by raising the spring up. Electronic control fuel injection has a valve that opens only when electricity flows according to the solenoid valve, so the pressure is applied to the fuel in advance and then injected only when electric current flows. Korean domestic vehicles currently adopt an electronic control fuel injection method.
22) TIMING CHAIN CASE
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a product that is combined with the side of the internal combustion engine and is used exclusively as a cover that protects the driving part of the timing chain.
23) TIMING CHAIN TENSIONER ARM
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
:Timing Chain Tensioner Arm maintains the tension so that the timing chain of the car engine does not hit down when the tensioner is pushed so that it is in close contact with the timing chain. It is an essential component for the proper operation of the intake and exhaust valves so that the internal combustion engine operates smoothly. It is an item attached to the inside of the engine and used exclusively or mainly for the engine.
24) TIMING CHAIN TENSIONER GUIDE
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is one of the essential components of the tensioner. If the tensioner is pushed so that it is in close contact with the timing chain, the direction of the timing chain of the car engine is maintained so that it does not hit downward.
25) TENSIONER
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a component that prevents the timing chain from being loose. OHC and DOHC require a long chain because the crank shaft and cam shaft are separated. It prevents it from swelling by spring or hydraulic pressure because if the long chain is turned to high rotation, it swells up due to centrifugal force and hits the case.
26) VALVE SEAT
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It refers to the part of the cylinder head to maintain airtightness in close contact with the face of the valve.
27) VALVE LIFTER
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is also called Valve Tappet, supported by a cylinder block above the cam shaft or a lift hole in the cylinder head, and its bottom varies depending on the shape of the cam. It is made of a plane for the convex side cam, a convex side for the tangent, and a roller for the concave side cam, but automobile engine most often uses the plane at the bottom of the lifter.
28) TAPPET
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It refers to a rod that transmits the motion of cam to the valve in an internal combustion engine.
29) BED PLATE (FRAME ASSY-LADDER)
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It is a support plate that supports the main bearing, cylinder block, engine frame, etc. It’s also called Sole Plate. It is used similarly to the case of frame assy-ladder.
30) BEARING CAP
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8409
Features and Applications
: It refers to a cap that fixes the other half (Bearing Cap) with a bolt on the half of the bearing.
31) SCREEN ASSY OIL (FILTER)
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8421.23
Features and Applications
: It refers to a filter net made of steel that filters impurities such as metal powder and dust contained in oil. It is a product installed in oil pan such as engine and auto transmission.
32) INJECTION PUMP, WATER PUMP
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8413.30
Features and Applications
: Injection Pump is a device that supplies fuel to nozzle by making it high-pressure, and is classified into serial type and distribution type according to the size and type of engine. Usually, 4.5T or less is used as a distribution type, and cars over 6T use a serial type, also called Plunger or Injection Pump.
33) CRANK SHAFT
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8483.10
Features and Applications
: It refers to an axis that functions to convert the reciprocating motion of piston into rotational motion in a steam engine or internal combustion engine. crank consists of crank shaft, crank arm, and crank pin, and the reciprocating motion of piston is transmitted to crank as a connecting rod. Crank pin rotates the crank shaft by performing a circular motion with the length of the crank arm as a radius. In engine, which has several cylinder, crank arm is made by shifting by a certain angle from each other, and this angle is called the crank angle. This is to reduce the inertia or the imbalance of torque caused by the action of cylinder.
34) CAM SHAFT
Material : Cast iron, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8483.10
Features and Applications
: It is an axis attached to the cam that opens and closes the valve, and in the cycle engine, it returns to half the rotational speed of crank shaft. Cam shaft usually has a gear or cam that drives a distributor or fuel pump, and even a slight change in the curve of the cam surface affects the performance of the engine by changing the opening and closing timing or lift of each valve. Cast iron is used to prevent bending even after long use. Depending on the location of the cam shaft’s device, engine format such as OVC (Overhead Cam Shaft) may be displayed.
35) SPARK PLUG
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8511.10
Features and Applications
: It is mounted on the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. It cracks down on the primary coil connected to the battery and induces the high voltage current generated from the secondary coil to the central electrode of the spark plug to bounce the flame between the ground electrodes connected to the cylinder and ignite it. The insulation of the spark plug is important, and magnetism, aluminum silicate, aluminum oxide, mica, etc. are used as insulation materials. The main part consists of a central electrode, a ground electrode, an insulator, and a copper body.
36) ALTERNATOR
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8511.40
Features and Applications
: It is a power generator that supplies power to each electrical device of a vehicle, and the generator connected to the crank shaft pully by the belt generates electricity with a rotational force opposite to the start motor, and the roter is driven by the V-Belt connected to engine. A voltage regulator is needed to control it because the current increases when engine rotates at high speed by being driven by engine. In addition, this article is presented as an item excluded from the commentary of No. 8409, and since a special HS CODE exists, it is classified as No. 8511.40 without classifying it as an ENGINE part HS CODE.
Part classification
① COVER ASS’Y: No. 3926.90
② REAR BRACKET M/C: No. 8511.90
③ CIRCUIT BOARD: No. 8511.90
④ INSULATION TUBE: No. 8547.20
⑤ FAN-F.NU.DUAL FAN: No. 8414.59
⑥ MAGNET WEDGE: No. 8505.19
⑦ ENAMEL COIL WIRE: No. 8511
⑧ COVER FOR BRUSH HOLDER CHIP: No. 8511.90
37) START MOTOR
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8511.40
Features and Applications
: It refers to the electric motor for cranking engine to start it up.
38) OIL CONTROL VALVE
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8481.80
Features and Applications
: Valve of variable exhaust type engine with engine valve stop device.
– It refers to the hydraulic pressure switching valve used in part of the stop device. The valve stop device circuit is pressurized with oil pump and sent to accumulator and OCV.
– The oil control valve is mounted on the body of the oil feeder, but in the oil passage, it is a valve located between the oil feeder and the valve stop device, and the hydraulic pressure from the oil feeder to the valve stop device is turned on and off according to the control signal from the control unit.
– It is a valve that receives PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) signals from the vehicle’s ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and supplies/leaks oil to CVVT by changing the path of engine oil.
39) OXYGEN SENSOR
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 9027.10
Features and Applications
: It is attached to an automobile exhaust pipe, detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, delivers it to the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) as an electrical signal, and allows the ECU to operate engine to maximize exhaust gas purification efficiency to minimize the emission of harmful gases.
40) FLYWHEEL
Material : Cast iron
HS CODE : No. 8483.50
Features and Applications
: It is mounted on the rear flange of the crank shaft and is mainly made of cast iron with a high coefficient of friction, and the force obtained from engine’s explosion stroke converts crank shaft into rotational motion and rotates flywheel, which drives the car by clutch friction and on the contrary reduces rotational force in the compression stroke. Therefore, flywheel should be light in weight and have a large rotational inertia, but inertia helps engine rotate smoothly. flywheel has a friction surface where clutch plate contacts to transmit the rotational force of engine to the rotational force of the wheel, and it is equipped with ring gear to rotate engine when engine is started, and this ring gear is a form of heat fitting and fixed to flywheel.
41) PULLEY
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8483.50
Features and Applications
: It is a wheel that rotates freely within an internal combustion engine, and serves to assist in the transmission or the conversion of power or increase of the direction of force by walking belt.
42) CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8484.10
Features and Applications
: A gasket made of a material that is resistant to high temperature and high pressure and has excellent sealing properties is installed in the assembly of cylinder block and cylinder head to seal water, compressed gas, and oil in cylinder block or cylinder head. Since insulation and pressure resistance are required, asbestos is usually wrapped with a copper steel plate, and the type is divided into a gasket made by wrapping asbestos with a copper plate or a steel plate, a protrusion is made on both sides of the steel plate, and asbestos mixed with graphite is compressed, graphite is applied on the surface, and steel gasket made thin with only the steel plate.
43) OIL LEVEL GAUGE ASSY
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 9026.10
Features and Applications
: The plastic handle and stainless steel level gauge are contained inside the steel tube-shaped housing with bracket attached, and are inserted into the vehicle’s engine cylinder block to measure the amount of oil, an engine lubricant. In addition, this article is presented as an item excluded from the explanation of No. 8409 and a special HS CODE exists, so even if it is an ENGINE part, it is classified as No. 9026.10 without classifying it as an ENGINE part HS CODE.
Part classification
① O-RING: No. 4016.93
② OIL CHECK METAL: No. 7326.90
③ Other fittings, etc.: No. 8302.30
44) STAY ASSY- EXHAUST MANIFOLD
Material : Steel, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8302.30
Features and Applications
: It is a part that supports exhaust manifold and performs the function of mounting or attachment with holes for fastening bolt assembly.
45) CRANK SPROCKET (SPROCKET-CRANKSHAFT)
Material : Steel
HS CODE : No. 8483.40
Features and Applications
: It is a sprocket attached to the end of crank shaft and is a product used in engine that drives cam shaft by chain.
46) KNOCK SENSOR
Material : Plastic, etc.
HS CODE : No. 8541.60
Features and Applications
: It is a sensor that detects *Knocking of engine. In engine equipped with knock sensor, when knocking occurs, Knock sensor detects it and receives this signal to avoid Knocking by performing perceptual control of the distributor. Knocking sensor uses a piezoelectric element and converts the magnitude of engine vibration into an electrical signal (voltage).
(*Knocking : It is a phenomenon that makes a sound like tapping with a hammer due to abnormal combustion in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.)
47) ENGINE COVER
Material : Plastic
HS CODE : No. 8708.99
Features and Applications
: Covering the top of ENGINE, it is an engine cover part that beautifies the appearance, prevents foreign substances from entering from the outside, and suppresses noise.
Other parts that are not included in this chapter may remain.
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